The agriculture sector emerged as the only sector that recorded growth in the first six months of the year in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The sector recorded a growth of 2.5 per cent in the second quarter of the year, with the industry and services sectors shrinking by 5.7 per cent and 2.6 per cent respectively.
The growth in the agriculture sector was driven by the forestry and logging sub sector which recorded a growth of 2.1 per cent, the livestock sub sector which recorded a growth of 1.2 per cent and the crops sub sector which grew by 0.6 per cent.
This was contained in the second quarter GDP figures which were released by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) on September 16.
Economy contracts by 3.2 per cent
Ghana’s economy contracted by 3.2 per cent in the second quarter of 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, according to data released by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS).
This, however, compares favourably with countries such as Nigeria and South Africa whose economies contracted by 6.1 and 17.1 per cent, respectively, in the second quarter.
On the global front, the economy of the United Kingdom (UK) shrank by 21.7 per cent; that of Germany by 11.7 per cent, France by 19 per cent and the United States of America (USA), 9.1 per cent.
Ghana’s non-oil Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which measures productivity within the economy, also shrank by 3.4 per cent within the same period.
The slowdown puts the economy at risk of recording its sharpest yearly contraction in 37 years.
Cause of contraction
In an interview with the Graphic Business after the release of the second-quarter GDP, the Government Statistician, Professor Samuel Kobina Annim, attributed the economic contraction largely to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic which brought economic activities all over the world to a standstill.
He said given the growth rate of 4.9 per cent in the first quarter and the contraction of 3.2 per cent in the second quarter, the 37-year yearly expansion in GDP should be guarded.
Prof. Annim said one of the major drivers of the contraction was the manufacturing sub-sector, which shrank by 14.3 per cent, given that it had the second-highest share of 11.3 per cent across the 22 sub-sectors, including cocoa and oil and gas.
Other sectors that recorded contractions were the hotels and restaurants sub-sector by 74.9 per cent, representing 0.8 per cent of GDP; mining and quarrying sub-sector, which shrank by 5.6 per cent or 20.3 per cent of GDP; trade, repair of vehicles, and household goods sub-sectors, which contracted by 20.2 per cent, representing 8.6 per cent of GDP.
The sub-sectors which recorded growth within the period under review were the information and communication sub-sector which grew by 74.2 per cent; health and social work sub-sector which grew by 21.3 per cent; education which grew by 17.9 per cent, and public administration, defence and social security which grew by 12.4 per cent.
The services sector was the largest sector of the Ghanaian economy in the second quarter of 2020, with 48 per cent share of GDP, followed by industry and agriculture, which accounted for 33 and 19 per cent of GDP, respectively.
Quarter on quarter
On a quarter-on-quarter basis, Professor Annim said the economy contracted by 0.8 per cent in the second quarter of 2020, compared to the first quarter of 2020.
