"Ghana\u2019s Cedi Stabilization: A Risky Gamble Ahead of Elections"

" Ghana\u2019s Cedi Stabilization: A Risky Gamble Ahead of Elections \r\n\r\nAs Ghana heads into a highly anticipated general election, the government\u2019s efforts to stabilize the cedi have intensified. Trading at GH\u00a216.30 to the US dollar in the open market, down from GH\u00a217.40 earlier in November, the cedi\u2019s recent strength is being touted as a policy success.\r\n\r\nHowever, this apparent stability conceals the reality of unsustainable interventions, raising concerns about whether these measures are designed to set a financial trap for the widely expected incoming administration of John Mahama and the National Democratic Congress (NDC).\r\n\r\n Artificial Stabilization: A House of Cards \r\n\r\nThe government\u2019s strategy to bolster the cedi involves depleting Ghana\u2019s international reserves\u2014a dangerous gamble that undermines long-term economic stability. Official reports from the Bank of Ghana (BoG) indicate that gross international reserves (GIR) stood at $7.5 billion as of August 2024, equivalent to 3.4 months of import cover. While this figure might appear promising, it includes encumbered assets such as the Ghana Petroleum Fund, pledged reserves, and balances at the Ghana International Bank (GIB).\r\n\r\nEncumbered assets, by definition, are unavailable for immediate use in defending the currency or meeting external obligations. When these are excluded, the true net international reserves (NIR) fall to approximately $1 billion\u2014far below what is required to sustain a stable currency. The difference between the BoG\u2019s calculation and the IMF\u2019s standardized guidelines highlights the extent of this discrepancy.\r\n\r\nGovernor Ernest Addison\u2019s candid admission underscores the unsustainable nature of this policy: \u201cIf I want to drive the dollar-cedi rate to GHS 10, I can do that tomorrow. But what about the day after tomorrow?\u201d This statement reveals that the current stabilization effort is a short-term measure with potentially catastrophic long-term consequences.\r\n\r\n A Political Gambit with Economic Risks \r\n\r\nThe timing and nature of these interventions suggest that they are politically motivated. With polls indicating a likely victory for John Mahama and the NDC, the current administration appears to be engaging in a deliberate effort to create a veneer of economic stability before the elections. This strategy not only boosts the ruling party\u2019s image but also shifts the burden of economic fallout onto the incoming government.\r\n\r\nAs the festive season approaches, many Ghanaians are grappling with rising costs due to a year-to-date cedi depreciation of 24.3%. By artificially stabilizing the currency during this critical period, the government creates the illusion of economic competence while postponing the inevitable collapse.\r\n\r\nThe implications of this gambit are dire. Once the elections are over, the artificial supports holding up the cedi are likely to crumble, triggering sharp depreciation, surging inflation, and worsening economic hardship. The incoming administration will face the unenviable task of managing this fallout while dealing with a severely depleted reserve position.\r\n\r\n The Debt Time Bomb \r\n\r\nAdding to the gravity of the situation is Ghana\u2019s domestic debt exchange program. Payments on restructured bonds were deferred to February 2025, leaving the next government to confront this looming financial obligation. With limited reserves and a currency under pressure, meeting these payments will require difficult trade-offs that could further strain public finances.\r\n\r\nThe divergence between the BoG\u2019s reserve calculations and the IMF\u2019s guidelines compounds the challenge. The inclusion of encumbered and illiquid assets in the official reserve figures obscures the true extent of Ghana\u2019s financial vulnerability. This lack of transparency undermines investor confidence and limits the policy options available to the next administration.\r\n\r\n Implications for Ghana\u2019s Economy \r\n\r\nThe economic challenges awaiting the incoming government are daunting. The likely post-election depreciation of the cedi will exacerbate inflationary pressures, erode purchasing power, and increase the cost of servicing external debt. Public trust in economic management will be further eroded, making it more difficult to implement necessary reforms.\r\n\r\nMoreover, the depletion of reserves leaves Ghana ill-equipped to respond to external shocks, such as rising global interest rates or fluctuations in commodity prices. The incoming government will need to prioritize rebuilding reserves, stabilizing the currency, and restoring macroeconomic stability\u2014all while navigating a highly polarized political environment.\r\n\r\n Why the IMF Should Be Worried \r\n\r\nThe IMF should be deeply concerned about Ghana\u2019s current approach to cedi stabilization. The government\u2019s manipulation of reserve figures\u2014by including encumbered assets such as the Ghana Petroleum Fund and balances at the Ghana Infrastructure Bank\u2014violates IMF guidelines, which require reserves to be liquid, unencumbered, and readily available. This lack of transparency undermines trust and creates a misleading picture of Ghana\u2019s economic health.\r\n\r\nArtificially stabilizing the cedi by depleting reserves directly conflicts with the IMF\u2019s goal of fostering sustainable economic recovery. The short-term focus risks a post-election currency collapse, eroding confidence and destabilizing the macroeconomic environment.\r\n\r\nBy allowing such unsustainable policies, the government jeopardizes the credibility of the IMF program and complicates its ability to provide effective oversight, posing risks not just for Ghana but for IMF engagements worldwide. Immediate action is required to ensure compliance and protect the program\u2019s long-term viability.\r\n\r\n Conclusion \r\n\r\nThe recent stabilization of the cedi, while offering temporary relief, is a dangerous illusion that masks deeper structural vulnerabilities. The current administration\u2019s actions raise serious questions about their motives, particularly given the likelihood of a change in government. By depleting reserves and engaging in unsustainable currency stabilization, they may be setting a financial trap for their successors.\r\n\r\nFor the incoming administration, the road ahead will be fraught with challenges. The economic storm that awaits will test their resolve, leadership, and capacity to implement meaningful reforms. As Ghana stands at this critical juncture, the need for transparent and sustainable economic policies has never been greater. Whether the nation can navigate these turbulent times will depend on the ability of its leaders to rise above short-term political considerations and prioritize the long-term well-being of the Ghanaian people."

"Ghana\u2019s Cedi Stabilization: A Risky Gamble Ahead of Elections"

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