"How climate shocks are linked to cross-border migration in Latin America and the Caribbean"

" How climate shocks are linked to cross-border migration in Latin America and the Caribbean \r\n Cross-border migration and climate shocks have been shaping the economies of the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for many decades. Globally, LAC is one of the regions with the largest migrant populations\u2014measured as a share of the population of origin country. This region is also among those most susceptible to climate events including hurricanes, storms, floods, and droughts. This climate-migration nexus is especially critical for the region\u2019s two sub-groups of smaller economies: the Caribbean and Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic (CAPDR). \r\n Our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDYsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vUHVibGljYXRpb25zL1dQL0lzc3Vlcy8yMDIzLzEyLzA4L0NsaW1hdGUtYW5kLUNyb3NzLUJvcmRlci1NaWdyYXRpb24tNTQyMTk2P3V0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1nb3ZkZWxpdmVyeSIsImJ1bGxldGluX2lkIjoiMjAyMzEyMDguODY4MzQwMDEifQ.vXIBPePSaCoiguu25BQ-97P5ZKHt13byZU4lqHLtCsI\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDYsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vUHVibGljYXRpb25zL1dQL0lzc3Vlcy8yMDIzLzEyLzA4L0NsaW1hdGUtYW5kLUNyb3NzLUJvcmRlci1NaWdyYXRpb24tNTQyMTk2P3V0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1nb3ZkZWxpdmVyeSIsImJ1bGxldGluX2lkIjoiMjAyMzEyMDguODY4MzQwMDEifQ.vXIBPePSaCoiguu25BQ-97P5ZKHt13byZU4lqHLtCsI\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l&source=gmail&ust=1702303409563000&usg=AOvVaw1M7F0guKS6El5cu5OenKaA\">analysis \u00a0sheds light on different drivers of cross-border migration, the importance of climate shocks, and impact of climate-induced migration on the economies in the region. \r\n Drivers of migration \r\n Migration occurs due to many factors, including difference in pay between jobs in home countries and foreign countries, migration policy, and social safety nets. Using a novel methodology, our analysis on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDcsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vUHVibGljYXRpb25zL1dQL0lzc3Vlcy8yMDIzLzEyLzA4L0NsaW1hdGUtYW5kLUNyb3NzLUJvcmRlci1NaWdyYXRpb24tNTQyMTk2P3V0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1nb3ZkZWxpdmVyeSIsImJ1bGxldGluX2lkIjoiMjAyMzEyMDguODY4MzQwMDEifQ.tJt7ITNi3XS5lLbAzAfO29PTIS4T0zJRmjNOd_qFtK0\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDcsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vUHVibGljYXRpb25zL1dQL0lzc3Vlcy8yMDIzLzEyLzA4L0NsaW1hdGUtYW5kLUNyb3NzLUJvcmRlci1NaWdyYXRpb24tNTQyMTk2P3V0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1nb3ZkZWxpdmVyeSIsImJ1bGxldGluX2lkIjoiMjAyMzEyMDguODY4MzQwMDEifQ.tJt7ITNi3XS5lLbAzAfO29PTIS4T0zJRmjNOd_qFtK0\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l&source=gmail&ust=1702303409563000&usg=AOvVaw1d52iKnO8QOM5_iE1UHPqU\">climate and cross-border migration \u00a0helps explain outward migration patterns over the past few decades. \r\n We decomposed the drivers of migration into three groups: origin-country; destination-country; and global factors. We find that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDgsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vUHVibGljYXRpb25zL1JFTy9XSC9Jc3N1ZXMvMjAyMy8xMC8xMy9yZWdpb25hbC1lY29ub21pYy1vdXRsb29rLXdlc3Rlcm4taGVtaXNwaGVyZS1vY3RvYmVyLTIwMjM_dXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fc291cmNlPWdvdmRlbGl2ZXJ5IiwiYnVsbGV0aW5faWQiOiIyMDIzMTIwOC44NjgzNDAwMSJ9.56OZuccjS-SgFikAb9Wa3Bnq_tAVPlNcBn35mMwJIEI\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDgsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vUHVibGljYXRpb25zL1JFTy9XSC9Jc3N1ZXMvMjAyMy8xMC8xMy9yZWdpb25hbC1lY29ub21pYy1vdXRsb29rLXdlc3Rlcm4taGVtaXNwaGVyZS1vY3RvYmVyLTIwMjM_dXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fc291cmNlPWdvdmRlbGl2ZXJ5IiwiYnVsbGV0aW5faWQiOiIyMDIzMTIwOC44NjgzNDAwMSJ9.56OZuccjS-SgFikAb9Wa3Bnq_tAVPlNcBn35mMwJIEI\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l&source=gmail&ust=1702303409563000&usg=AOvVaw0IEa-_nxZPz-dVcUwyLa4N\">the origin-country factors have become more prominent in the LAC region , especially in the smaller economies of the Caribbean and CAPDR, making them a more important driver of total migration outflows. Among others, social safety nets may have also become more strained across the region due to rising climate shocks, thereby raising the importance of origin-country factors. \r\n Role of climate shocks \r\n Climate disasters significantly impact total migration through conditions in countries of origin, according to our research. In fact, three additional climate disasters annually, over a five-year period, can be associated with about a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMTAsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvLS9tZWRpYS9GaWxlcy9QdWJsaWNhdGlvbnMvUkVPL1dIRC8yMDIzL09jdG9iZXIvRW5nbGlzaC9vbmxpbmVhbm5leC0zLWVuLmFzaHg_dXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fc291cmNlPWdvdmRlbGl2ZXJ5IiwiYnVsbGV0aW5faWQiOiIyMDIzMTIwOC44NjgzNDAwMSJ9.OcMavXlfPNZfb0EGjAlZCfxWu1CNe3MflPiF72BHZKw\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMTAsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvLS9tZWRpYS9GaWxlcy9QdWJsaWNhdGlvbnMvUkVPL1dIRC8yMDIzL09jdG9iZXIvRW5nbGlzaC9vbmxpbmVhbm5leC0zLWVuLmFzaHg_dXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fc291cmNlPWdvdmRlbGl2ZXJ5IiwiYnVsbGV0aW5faWQiOiIyMDIzMTIwOC44NjgzNDAwMSJ9.OcMavXlfPNZfb0EGjAlZCfxWu1CNe3MflPiF72BHZKw\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l&source=gmail&ust=1702303409564000&usg=AOvVaw2bntS3geaEt5BiAv736nYH\">1 percent increase in people leaving their home countries in the Caribbean and CAPDR . Comparatively, the impact in South America and Mexico is relatively smaller, ranging between \u00bc and 1\/3 percent. \r\n Economic impact \r\n Climate shocks affect the economy through many channels, including damage to physical infrastructure, lower agricultural crop yields and poorer workers\u2019 health and productivity. However, human displacement is a critical transmission channel.\u00a0 For instance, our analysis finds that about 1\/5 of climate\u2019s overall impact on agricultural output in the countries in the Caribbean and CAPDR is due to climate-induced labor movement. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMTIsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vTmV3cy9BcnRpY2xlcy8yMDIzLzEyLzA4L2NmLWhvdy1jbGltYXRlLXNob2Nrcy1hcmUtbGlua2VkLXRvLWNyb3NzLWJvcmRlci1taWdyYXRpb24taW4tbGF0aW4tYW1lcmljYS1hbmQtdGhlLWNhcmliYmVhbj91dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsJnV0bV9zb3VyY2U9Z292ZGVsaXZlcnkiLCJidWxsZXRpbl9pZCI6IjIwMjMxMjA4Ljg2ODM0MDAxIn0.HUzBulxyllUzynZFW2IATr91j7q2bI-6HzgmpTn4ZAI\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/lnks.gd\/l\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMTIsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmltZi5vcmcvZW4vTmV3cy9BcnRpY2xlcy8yMDIzLzEyLzA4L2NmLWhvdy1jbGltYXRlLXNob2Nrcy1hcmUtbGlua2VkLXRvLWNyb3NzLWJvcmRlci1taWdyYXRpb24taW4tbGF0aW4tYW1lcmljYS1hbmQtdGhlLWNhcmliYmVhbj91dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsJnV0bV9zb3VyY2U9Z292ZGVsaXZlcnkiLCJidWxsZXRpbl9pZCI6IjIwMjMxMjA4Ljg2ODM0MDAxIn0.HUzBulxyllUzynZFW2IATr91j7q2bI-6HzgmpTn4ZAI\/s\/1181822789\/br\/232589341596-l&source=gmail&ust=1702303409564000&usg=AOvVaw0mJpamzGC-x_LsuorTZ31t\"><img class=\"CToWUd\" src=\"https:\/\/ci3.googleusercontent.com\/meips\/ADKq_NYAz66H5C2p4VAbzQCiYXtaN370BtaXYpADIjwFnBzvgFP7JKajwT4ezICcu3AYTpJOsjbjUApffwE7IdOL-SHjgkfp-AtEkQfw7UO67Yn-sD21AUGtATZhgfvqBMS7Uj6Q1b0rkgkOj5_zrp8PbQ0841M2IqlPiKlzlkQlSn-uwPdcrftgT8Qgwm0Ar5mZfzGs8w=s0-d-e1-ft#https:\/\/content.govdelivery.com\/attachments\/fancy_images\/USIMF\/2023\/12\/8656781\/whd-cf-climate-migration-charts-3_original.png\" alt=\"chart showing climate-driven mitigation impacts and other climate impacts on agriculture and remittances in the Caribbean and CAPDR\" width=\"539\" height=\"539\" data-bit=\"iit\" \/> \r\n Climate-induced migration is also associated with higher remittances to home countries, which somewhat mitigates the adverse impact on these countries. But countries should not excessively rely on remittances, as they may not be available when needed. \r\n The increasing frequency and impact of climate shocks calls for urgent strengthening of policy responses and programs to build resilience and mitigate the impact of climate shocks on the population, including by reinforcing social safety nets. "

"How climate shocks are linked to cross-border migration in Latin America and the Caribbean"

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