Fitch affirms Ecobank at ‘B-‘ with stable outlook
Credit rating agency, Fitch Ratings, has affirmed the Long Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) of Ecobank Nigeria at ‘B-‘ with a stable outlook.
The rating action by Fitch Ratings imply that long term debt instruments (bonds) issued by Ecobank Nigeria are highly speculative and indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains.
It further implies that, financial commitments are currently being met, however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
Per the rating action by Fitch Ratings, Ecobank’s IDR is driven by its standalone creditworthiness as expressed by its viability rating (VR).
Ecobank’s VR, Fitch Ratings explains, reflects the concentration of the bank’s operations within Nigeria’s challenging operating environment, high credit concentrations, asset-quality weaknesses, modest profitability and weak capitalisation.
Read further details of Fitch’s rating action below:
Downside to Operating Conditions: Rising global risks will weaken domestic operating conditions. Inflation (17.7% in May 2022) is expected to remain stubbornly high, posing downside risks to our real GDP growth forecasts of 3.1% and 3.3% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. However, downside risks are somewhat mitigated by strong oil prices, which should also underpin growth in non-oil sectors and banks’ asset quality.
Subsidiary of Pan-African Group: ENG has moderate market shares of Nigeria’s banking sector assets (3.9% at end-2021). However, its franchise benefits from being a subsidiary of Ecobank Transnational Incorporated (ETI; B-/Stable), a large pan-African banking group with operations spanning 33 countries across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Heightened Risk Profile: Single-borrower credit concentration is very high, with the 20-largest loans representing 288% of Fitch Core Capital (FCC) at end-1H21. Oil and gas exposure, which is weighted towards the higher-risk upstream segment, is the highest in the banking sector (38% of gross loans at end-2021). Foreign currency (FC) lending is also the highest (60% of net loans at end-2021), leaving ENG’s capital ratios more exposed to naira devaluation risk than peers’.
High Impaired Loans to Decline: ENG’s impaired loans (Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9) ratio of 16% at end-2021 was higher than at peers but has improved in recent years and is expected to decline further in the short term. Stage 2 loans (24% of gross loans at end-2021) remain high but are not expected to become impaired.
Weak Profitability: ENG has the weakest profitability of all Nigerian commercial banks covered by Fitch. Weak profitability is influenced by a narrow net interest margin (NIM) and high loan impairment charges (LICs) that have accompanied asset-quality issues in recent years. Fitch expects profitability to improve with rising interest rates and lower LICs that accompany receding asset-quality pressures.
Modest Capitalisation: ENG’s FCC ratio declined to 17.9% at end-2021 from 20.2% at end-2020, due to large other comprehensive income (OCI) losses on government securities. ENG’s total capital adequacy ratio (CAR; 11.5% at end-2021) declined by 10% in 2021, primarily as a result of ENG being required to book large prudential provisions against restructured and impaired loans. Capitalisation is modest in the context of high credit concentration and market risks.
Improving Deposit Structure: Reliance on term-deposit funding (38% of customer deposits at end-2021) is material but has decreased in recent years and is expected to decrease further. Deposit concentration is moderate. Liquidity coverage is healthy in both local currency and FC. ENG’s funding and liquidity profile benefits from ordinary FC liquidity support from ETI.
RATING SENSITIVITIES
Factors that could, individually or collectively, lead to negative rating action/downgrade:
A downgrade of the Long-Term IDR and VR would most likely result from an impaired loans ratio exceeding 20% or reduced recovery prospects for existing impaired loans that lead to operating losses and a decline in the FCC ratio below 12%.
Factors that could, individually or collectively, lead to positive rating action/upgrade:
An upgrade of the Long-Term IDR and VR would require an impaired loans ratio sustainably below 5% as well as a significant improvement in profitability and reduced credit concentrations while maintaining acceptable capital ratios.
OTHER DEBT AND ISSUER RATINGS: KEY RATING DRIVERS
Senior unsecured debt issued through EBN Finance Company B.V. is rated at the same level as ENG’s Long-Term IDR, reflecting Fitch’s view that the likelihood of default on these obligations is the same as the likelihood of default of the bank. The Recovery Rating of these notes is ‘RR4’, indicating average recovery prospects.
Shareholder Support: ENG has a Shareholder Support Rating (SSR) of ‘ccc+’. Fitch sees a high propensity in ETI to provide support given ENG’s importance to the parent’s pan-African strategy as its largest subsidiary (22% of group assets at end-2021) and its presence in SSA’s largest economy. However, ETI’s ability to provide extraordinary support is constrained by its own creditworthiness and ENG’s large size.
OTHER DEBT AND ISSUER RATINGS: RATING SENSITIVITIES
The senior unsecured debt rating is sensitive to a change in ENG’s Long-Term IDR.
A weakening in ETI’s ability or propensity to provide support would lead to a downgrade of the SSR. Reduced ability to provide support would most likely be indicated by a downgrade of ETI’s Long-Term IDR.
BEST/WORST CASE RATING SCENARIO
International scale credit ratings of Financial Institutions and Covered Bond issuers have a best-case rating upgrade scenario (defined as the 99th percentile of rating transitions, measured in a positive direction) of three notches over a three-year rating horizon; and a worst-case rating downgrade scenario (defined as the 99th percentile of rating transitions, measured in a negative direction) of four notches over three years.
The complete span of best- and worst-case scenario credit ratings for all rating categories ranges from ‘AAA’ to ‘D’. Best- and worst-case scenario credit ratings are based on historical performance.
